Last week, Empowered Girls program coordinator Upendo Lobaya visited our two partner schools in Engaruka, Tanzania. Upendo held seminars focusing on adolescence and pregnancy. She filed this summary of her talks.

Upendo talks with girls at Engaruka Juu
UNWANTED PREGNANCY
Definition: Pregnancy that is untimely and unacceptable to parents, partner, and the society in general. The adolescent girl may not be physically, emotionally and socially ready to be pregnant.
Causes of unwanted pregnancies
Early marriage, unavailability of family planning services, poor knowledge of human sexuality and the reproductive system, fear or myths about contraceptives, misinformation about sexuality, parents avoiding discussion about sex fearing it may encourage wrong behaviors, cultural gender inequality coercing a girl into sexual intercourse, poor self-esteem of girls to resist pressure.
Effects
Young women who become pregnant face higher risks than older women of developing the following complications: Anemia, pre-eclapsia, premature and low birth weight babies, high blood pressure during pregnancy which is one of the commonest complications.
How to prevent it
• Developing essential life skills
• Knowledge about reproductive system
• Increase of contraceptives knowledge
ABORTION
Note: Abortion is illegal in Tanzania, but it is still a common and dangerous practice that kills many girls. Rape and coerced sex with vulnerable girls are also problems that often result in unwanted pregnancies. Girls and women are rarely empowered to use contraceptives.
Definition: The ending of pregnancy before the fetus is able to live outside the mother’s body.
Three types:
• Spontaneous abortion: Occurs without any deliberate manipulation to terminate the pregnancy.
• Induced abortion: Termination of pregnancy is intentionally performed; the reasons may be a serious maternal disease jeopardizing the life of the mother in which case the procedure is termed a therapeutic abortion.
• Illicit abortion: At high risk for severe infection, hemorrhage, or death. Occurs mostly in women who are young and unmarried.
Discussion
• Since girls usually lack funds and information to get safe abortion, they resort to illegal and unskilled abortionists who operate with dirty instruments in unclean surroundings. I advised them to avoid abortion.
• Consequences are many, including: maternal death, infection, injury to reproductive organs, disabilities and pelvic inflammatory disease of infertility.
• To avoid the problem from the beginning: Abortion is one of the most dangerous things a girl can do. It is illegal. Christians and Muslims have moral arguments against it. The best way to avoid the problem is to delay sex until you are socially, emotionally, and financially ready to take care of a baby.
• If you don’t want to have sex, avoid situations where you are vulnerable. If you insist of having sex, use a condom every single time.
• Unwanted pregnancy is bad. HIV/AIDS is far worse.
• Men sometimes make promises that they are unable to keep. Your sisters and friends know this is true. So don’t follow them into the mistakes they have made.

Upendo hands out sanitary pads to girls at Oldonyo Lengai Secondary school. More photos here.
Other topics
Female Genital Mutilation: Some primary school girls still have the mentality of being circumcised (removal of clitoris’ hood, a tradition among Maasai). I told them about the risks such as over-bleeding during birth, scars, and enduring pain.
Personal hygiene: I handed out sanitary pads and taught them how to use them and we talked about personal hygiene.
Some questions from the girls:
Is there any side effect to use family planning for us as youth?
What is homosexuality?
Does a circumcised girl feel sexual desire?















